First-trimester maternal serum human thyroid-stimulating hormone in chromosomally normal and Down syndrome pregnancies

Maternal serum human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were investigated in chromosomally normal and Down syndrome pregnancies to determine whether TSH can be used as a marker for Down syndrome in the first trimester. Measurements were conducted on stored serum samples collected from 23 Down syndrome pregnancies and 115 unaffected pregnancies before chorionic villus sampling (CVS), between 9 and 11 completed weeks of pregnancy. The samples were matched for gestational age, maternal age, maternal weight and duration of storage of the serum sample. Maternal TSH concentration was slightly decreased in Down syndrome pregnancies, with a median of 0.84 multiples of the median (MoM). Maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentration was slightly elevated in Down syndrome pregnancies, with a median of 1.03 MoM. Both differences were not significant applying matched rank analysis (p=0.50 for TSH and p=0.43 for hCG). The association between TSH and hCG in unaffected pregnancies was also measured. The Spearman correlation coefficient between TSH and hCG was −0.21 which was statistically significant (p=0.02, 95% confidence interval −0.38 to −0.03). However, it was concluded that TSH is not a useful marker for distinguishing Down syndrome-affected pregnancies from normal pregnancies in the first trimester. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Trisomy 10: ultrasound features and natural history after first trimester diagnosis

We report on the ultrasound features and natural history of trisomy 10. At 12 weeks' gestation in a routine scan examination, the fetus presented with increased nuchal translucency thickness, mild skin oedema, bilateral pleural effusion, marked micrognathia, cardiomegaly, unilateral talipes and reversed A-wave in the ductus venosus blood flow. Karyotyping on chorionic villus sampling (CVS) led to the diagnosis of trisomy 10, which was confirmed by fetal blood sampling at 22 weeks' gestation. As the parents opted to continue with the pregnancy, the natural history and following ultrasound features are described. This is the third case of trisomy 10 in the literature reporting on the physical features. The most frequent ultrasound findings presented in trisomy 10 are increased nuchal translucency, micrognathia, renal agenesis, facial cleft, limbabnormalities, cardiac defects and early severe growth retardation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济

清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济是当今环保战略的3个主要发展方向,三者有共同之处,又有各自明确的理论、实践和运行方式.笔者在对三者的内涵作了简单介绍之后,着重从理论上探讨环境管理延伸到企业、企业群落和国民经济一切相关领域的必然性和合理性,提出并论述了生态工业与循环经济的前提和本质是清洁生产,从优质资源、生态和环境总量保有量的角度探讨了循环经济对我国国际竞争力的重要性.      

黄河河口地区生态供水效益分析

流域生态需水是指流域生态系统为维持一定程度的生态系统健康所需要一定质量的水量,以保证流域生态系统结构和生态功能等为目标,实现流域生态系统健康。流域生态需水量的研究对于社会经济的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。论文针对南水北调西线一期工程的供水规划,在提出配水效益计算方法的基础上,针对不同的配水量,计算了黄河河口地区的生态需水量、生态效益以及供水对减少断流所带来的生态效益,并进行了方案比较分析。主要结论是:当来水量分别为55×10⁸、122.8×10⁸或240×10⁸m³时,产生的湿地综合生态效益则为34.85×10⁸、47.18×10⁸或54.72×10⁸元。     

3种基质对污水中总磷的吸附性能

以粒径为2～5 mm的无烟煤、活性炭和草炭3种基质为实验材料进行吸附等温线和吸附动力学实验,探讨和对比3种基质对污水中总磷的吸附性能,选用吸附效果最好的无烟煤作为玻璃柱的填料模拟土壤渗滤系统.结果表明,3种填料基质对总磷的吸附均符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温线方程,通过拟合方程得出无烟煤、活性炭和草炭的最大静态吸附量分别为1.249、0.254和0.716 mg/g;用一级动力学方程拟合3种填料基质对总磷的吸附反应过程较好,相关系数都在0.900以上,无烟煤、活性炭和草炭吸附速率分别为0.025、0.023和0.014 mg/(g·h),其中经无烟煤处理过的污水,出水最清澈;在模拟土壤渗滤系统实验中,当进水浓度为3.43～8.43 mg/L,水力负荷为0.08 m3/(m2·d)时,出水中总磷平均浓度为0.08 mg/L,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级A标准,对总磷的去除率高达96.48％ ～ 99.19％.     

淮南城区传统开发模式下雨水径流水质污染特征研究

选取淮南城区6种不同下垫面,研究了自然降雨和径流雨水随降雨历时和径流历时的水质变化,并探讨了降雨强度对初期径流水质的影响和径流污染物之间的相关性。研究表明:初期自然降雨和初期径流污染较为严重,随着降雨历时和径流历时的延长,自然降雨和径流雨水污染程度均逐渐降低并趋于稳定,且径流雨水中SS与其他污染物之间具有良好的正相关性;不同下垫面径流雨水水质具有一定差异,屋面径流雨水明显好于路面径流雨水;降雨强度对初期径流水质具有较大影响,降雨强度越大,初期径流雨水污染越严重。     

温州城市降雨径流中BOD5和COD污染特征及其初始冲刷效应

为研究温州降雨径流污染情况,监测了温州2个采样区4场较为典型的降雨过程,测定了不同下垫面径流中BOD5和COD的浓度,并且计算出污染物的EMC值、M(V)曲线和BOD5/COD值等.结果表明,温州城市降雨径流中BOD5和COD的含量分别介于ND～69.21 mg.L-1和ND～636 mg.L-1之间,不同城市下垫面径流中BOD5和COD的含量均随着降雨历时的延长而呈下降趋势,处理初期径流水样对减少耗氧性有机污染具有重要意义.从COD和BOD5的EMC值来判断,部分城市下垫面降雨径流中污染物浓度超出地表五类水标准,甚至高于污水排放二级标准,此类降雨径流若直接入河将对下级受纳水体造成耗氧性有机污染的压力.根据M(V)累积曲线判断,COD初期冲刷效应在城市降雨径流中是较为普遍的,城市降雨径流中的BOD5表现出与COD类似的初始冲刷情况,该结果亦表明径流初期耗氧性有机污染严重.城市降雨径流中COD和BOD5的浓度受下垫面类型和降雨条件的影响,而BOD5/COD指标的变化特征则指出生物降解是削减有机污染负荷的有效途径之一,但不同下垫面径流有机污染的治理工作应采用不同的最佳管理方案(BMPs).